Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in cadmium tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L): a meta-analysis
Main Article Content
Keywords
absorption, bacteria, rice, pollution, soil
Abstract
Rice is an important agricultural product consumed globally. Rice polluted by cadmium (Cd) poses serious health risks. Numerous studies have shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) decrease Cd concentrations in the grain, shoots, and roots of rice. However, one study showed that AMF increased the root Cd concentration in rice. Therefore, a meta-analysis of the contribution of AMF to rice Cd tolerance became necessary. This meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the role of AMF in Cd tolerance in rice by searching the following databases: ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. A total of 571 studies were found, of which nine studies and 25 datasets were used in the meta-analysis. The period of inclusion of research reports was from January 1992 to April 2022. The results showed that with the addition of Rhizophagus irregularis, Cd concentration in the roots was higher than in the control group, although the overall Cd concentration in the plant was reduced. Four species of AMF reduced Cd concentration in rice shoots and grain tissues. These AMF species increased the biomass of rice root and shoot tissues; however, they did not affect grain biomass. AMF decreased the transfer factor (TF), and the TF of Glomus versiforme (12.99%) was significantly lower than the other three AMF types. We proposed that Cd could be enriched in rice roots, and the transfer of Cd to the grain could be inhibited. At the time of grain harvesting, rice roots are removed from the soil, thus removing Cd from the soil. This operation can efficiently improve both land-bearing capacity and soil without affecting rice yield. Thus, Cd was enriched in rice roots, and the potential for Cd transfer to the grain was inhibited due to the decreased TF. The future research must focus on how R. irregularis could improve the HMA3 gene expression in rice root, and prevents the transportation of Cd from the roots to shoots.
References
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Ma, S., Wang, Z., Guo, X., Wang, F., Huang, J., Sun, B., et al. 2021. Sourdough improves the quality of whole-wheat flour products: mechanisms and challenges—a review. Food Chemistry 360: 130038. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130038
Maillard, E. and Angers, D.A., 2014. Animal manure application and soil organic carbon stocks: a meta-analysis. Global Change Biology 20(2): 666–679. 10.1111/gcb.12438
Majeed, A., Niaz, A., Rizwan, M., Imran, M., Alsahli, A.A., Alyemeni, M.N., et al. 2021. Effects of biochar, farm manure, and pressmud on mineral nutrients and cadmium availability to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Cd-contaminated soil. Physiologia Plantarum 173(1): 191–200. 10.1111/ppl.13348
Malar, C.M., Kruger, M., Kruger, C., Wang, Y., Stajich, J.E., Keller, J., et al. 2021. The genome of Geosiphon pyriformis reveals ancestral traits linked to the emergence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Current Biology 31(7): 1570–1577 e1574. 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.058
Martin, F.M., Uroz, S. and Barker, D.G., 2017. Ancestral alliances: plant mutualistic symbioses with fungi and bacteria. Science 356(6340): eaad4501. 10.1126/science.aad4501
Morin, E., Miyauchi, S., San Clemente, H., Chen, E.C.H., Pelin, A., de la Providencia, I., et al. 2019. Comparative genomics of Rhizophagus irregularis, R. cerebriforme, R. diaphanus and Gigaspora rosea highlights specific genetic features in glomeromycotina. New Phytologist 222(3): 1584–1598. 10.1111/nph.15687
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Pan, J., Cao, S., Xu, G., Rehman, M., Li, X., Luo, D., et al. 2022. Comprehensive analysis reveals the underlying mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in kenaf cadmium stress alleviation. Chemosphere 314: 137566. 10.2139/ssrn.4267813
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Snelders, N.C., Rovenich, H., Petti, G.C., Rocafort, M., van den Berg, G.C.M., Vorholt, J.A., et al. 2020. Microbiome manipulation by a soil-borne fungal plant pathogen using effector proteins. Nature Plants 6(11): 1365–1374. 10.1038/s41477-020-00799-5
Sun, X., Chen, W., Ivanov, S., MacLean, A.M., Wight, H., Ramaraj, T., et al. 2019. Genome and evolution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Diversispora epigaea (formerly Glomus versiforme) and its bacterial endosymbionts. New Phytologist 221(3): 1556–1573. 10.1111/nph.15472
Tang, L., Dong, J., Qu, M., Lv, Q., Zhang, L., Peng, C., et al. 2022. Knockout of OsNRAMP5 enhances rice tolerance to cadmium toxicity in response to varying external cadmium concentrations via distinct mechanisms. Science of the Total Environment 832: 155006. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155006
Tang, L., Mao, B., Li, Y., Lv, Q., Zhang, L., Chen, C., et al. 2017. Knockout of OsNramp5 using the CRISPR/Cas9 system produces low Cd-accumulating indica rice without compromising yield. Scientific Reports, 7(1): 14438. 10.1038/s41598-017-14832-9
Tisarum, R., Theerawitaya, C., Samphumphuang, T., Polispitak, K., Thongpoem, P., Singh, H.P., et al. 2020. Alleviation of salt stress in upland rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica cv. leum pua) using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation. Frontiers in Plant Science 11: 348. 10.3389/fpls.2020.00348
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