Effects of nitrogen and selenium treatments on the texture parameters of ‘Qingcui’ plum fruit
Main Article Content
Keywords
‘Qingcui’ plum, nitrate, selenium, fruit texture, fruit color
Abstract
‘Qingcui’ plum fruit becomes soft at harvesting. In this study, we assessed the effect of the following different treatments on various fruit texture parameters: three concentrations of nitrogen (NH4NO3 0%, 0.5% and 1%) and three forms of selenium (selenomethylcysteine [C5H9NO2SSe/SeMeCys], sodium selenate [Na2SeO4]and selenomethionine [SeMet]). The fruit texture parameters evaluated were fracture, hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness and initial modulus under 4oC. Results showed that the optimal N concentration was 1% and the optimal Se form was SeMeCys. Fruits treated with SeMeCys had similar fruit texture parameters as those of the group under cysteine treatment. We then sprayed the fruit with approximately 2 mL/fruit of the following treatments: five different combinations ratios of Se (SeMeCys; 10 mg/L) and N (NH4NO3; 1%) (2:18; 4:16; 10:10; 16:4; 18:2), after which the fruit was stored at 4oC for 13 days. The parameters of fruit texture, fruit color, and other fruit qualities were measured. Linear correlations were observed between parameters, and main sensory qualities were analyzed. We observed that a combination of Se and N in a ratio of 18:2 produced the best results in terms of fracture, first hardness and second hardness, preventing the softening of the fruit. The parameters of soluble protein, titratable acid and soluble solids had significant linear relationships with three fixture parameters. The fruit color parameters of a* (greenness) and b* (yellowness) also had significant linear correlations with fracture and first hardness. These findings may offer a promising strategy to prolong fruit storage and maintain fruit crispness and hardness.
References
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Engin, H., Sen, F. and Gokbayrak, Z., 2009. Investigation of physilolgical disorders and fruit quality of sweet cherry. European Journal of Horticultural Science 74(3): 118–123.
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Gohari, G., Molaei, S., Kheiry, A., Ghafouri, M., Razavi, F., Lorenzo, J.M., et al. 2021. Exogenous application of proline and L-cysteine alleviates internal browning and maintains eating quality of cold stored flat “maleki” peach fruits. Horticulturae 7(11): 13. 10.3390/horticulturae7110469
Heryadi, A.L., Shalihat, A., Pratiwi, R. and Mutakin, M., 2020. Selenium species in vegetables: benefits and toxicity for the body. Journal Ilmiah Farmasi 16(2): 155–166. 10.20885/jif.vol16.iss2.art7
Huang, Y., Lei, N., Xiong, Y., Liu, Y., Tong, L., Wang, F., et al. 2022. Influence of selenium biofortification of soybeans on speciation and transformation during seed germination and sprouts quality. Foods 11(9): 1200. 10.3390/foods11091200
Karagiannis, E., Michailidis, M., Skodra, C., Molassiotis, A. and Tanou, G., 2021. Silicon influenced ripening metabolism and improved fruit quality traits in apples. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 166: 270–277. 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.037
Li, T., Wu, Q., Zhou, Y., Yun, Z., Duan, X. and Jiang, Y., 2018. L-cysteine hydrochloride delays senescence of harvested longan fruit in relation to modification of redox status. Postharvest Biology and Technology 143: 35-42. 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.04.011
Liu, H., Shi J., Song, L., Jiang, Y. and You Y., 2006. Browning control and quality maintenance of litchi fruit treated with combination of N-acetyl cysteine and isoascorbic acid. Journal of Food Technology 4(2):147–151.
Liu, W., Liu D., Zhang A., Feng C., Yang J., Yoon J., et al. 2007. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among plum germplasm resources in China assessed with inter-simple sequence repeat markers. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132(5): 619–628. 10.21273/JASHS.132.5.619
Maheswari, M., Murthy, A. and Shanker, A.K., 2017. Nitrogen nutrition in crops and its importance in crop quality. In The Indian Nitrogen Assessment: Sources of reactive nitrogen, environmental and climate effects, management options, and policies, Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 175–186. 10.1016/B978-0-12-811836-8.00012-4
Malheiros, R.S.P., Goncalves, F.C.M., Brito, F.A.L., Zsögön, A. and Ribeiro, D.M., 2020. Selenomethionine induces oxidative stress and modifies growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings through effects on hormone biosynthesis and primary metabolism. Ecotoxicology and Environment Safety 189: 109942. 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109942
Pezzarossa, B., Remorini, D., Gentile, M.L. and Massai, R., 2012. Effects of foliar and fruit addition of sodium selenate on selenium accumulation and fruit quality. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 92(4): 781–786. 10.1002/jsfa.4644
Puccinelli, M., Malorgio, F., Terry, L.A., Tosetti, R., Rosellini, I. and Pezzarossa, G., 2019. Effect of selenium enrichment on metabolism of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit during post-harvest ripening, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 5(99): 2463–2472. 10.1002/jsfa.9455
Qiu, X., Zhang, H., Zhang, H., Duan, C., Xiong, B. and Wang, Z., 2021. Fruit textural characteristics of 23 plum (Prunus salicina Lindl) cultivars: evaluation and cluster analysis. Hort Science 56(7): 816–823. 10.21273/HORTSCI15828-21
Rosen, H., 1957. A modified ninhydrin colorfulness analysis for amino acids. Archives Biochemistry and Biophysics 67(1): 10–15. 10.1016/0003-9861(57)90241-2.
Sharma, S. and Rao, T.R., 2013. Effect of honey and L-cysteine as antioxidants on the quality attributes of fresh-cut carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) stored at two different temperatures. International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation 24: 362–381. 10.1504/IJPTI.2013.060269
Singh, S.P., Zora, S. and Swinny, E.E., 2009. Postharvest nitric oxide fumigation delays fruit ripening and alleviates chilling injury during cold storage of Japanese plums (prunus salicina Lindell). Postharvest Biology and Technology 53(3): 101–108. 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2009.04.007
Simon, G. 2006. Review on rain induced fruit cracking of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.), its causes and the possibilities of prevention. International Journal of Horticultural Science, 12(3): 27–35. 10.31421/IJHS/12/3/654
Sun, X., Luo, Y., Han, G., Li, H. and Tian, J., 2021. Effects of low-dose selenium on melatonin synthesis in sweet cherry. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 21(4): 3309–3319. 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.22.013
Valero D., Diaz-Mula H.M., Zapata P.J., Guillen F., Martinez-Romero D., Castillo S., et al. 2013. Effects of alginate edible coating on preserving fruit quality in four plum cultivars during postharvest storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology 77(1): 1–6. 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2012.10.011
Wang, K., Wang, Y.Q., Li, K., Wan, Y., Wang, Q., Zhuang, Z., et al. 2020. Uptake, translocation and biotransformation of selenium nanoparticles in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Nanobiotechnol 18(1): 103. 10.1186/s12951-020-00659-6
Wang, J., Wei, L., Yan, L., Zheng, H., Liu, C. and Zheng, L., 2022. Effects of postharvest cysteine treatment on sensory quality and contents of bioactive compounds in goji fruit. Food Chemistry 366(5): 130546. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130546
Yan, R., Xu, Q., Dong, J., Kebbeh, M., Shen, S., Huan, C., et al. 2022. Effects of exogenous melatonin on ripening and decay incidence in plums (Prunus salicina L. cv. Taoxingli) during storage at room temperature. Scientia Horticulturae 292(20): 110655. 10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110655
Yilmaz, C. and Ozguven A.I., 2019. Physiology of pre-harvest fruit cracking in pomegranate: mineral contents. Acta Horticulturae 1254: 205–211. 10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1254.31
Yuan, C., Bu, H., Zhao, J., Liu, J., Yuan, H. and Wang, A., 2023. Effect of Se application on selenium accumulation and fruit quality in pear (Pyrus ussuriensis). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 45(3):45. 10.1007/s11738-023-03521-y
Zhan, T., Hu, C., Kong, Q., Shi, G., Tang, Y., Zhou, Y., et al. 2021. Chitin combined with selenium reduced nitrogen loss in soil and improved nitrogen uptake efficiency in Guanxi pomelo orchard. Science of the Total Environment 799(3): 149414. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149414
Zhang, H., Wang, H., Li, H., Zhang, H., Duan, C., Qiu, X., et al. 2021. Study on the different of EXP and PsEXP10 in ripening period of ‘jinmi’ plum and ‘Qingcui’ plum. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 792: 12036. 10.1088/1755-1315/792/1/012036
Zhu, S., Liu, M. and Zhou, J., 2006. Inhibition by nitric oxide of ethylene biosynthesis and lipoxygenase activity in peach fruit during storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology 42(1): 41–48. 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.05.004
Aftab, A., Ali, M., Yousaf, Z., Binjawhar, D.N., Hyder, S., Agtab, Z.H., et al. 2023. Shelf-life extension of Fragaria × ananassa Duch. using selenium nanoparticles synthesized from Cassia fistula Linn. Leaves. Food Science and Nutrition 11(6): 1–21. 10.1002/fsn3.3336
Attri, B.l., Krishna, H. and Kumar, A., 2015. Effect of bio-regulators on storage life of plum (prunus salicina) var. santarosa at different conditions. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 85(5): 705–711.
Bejaei, M., Stanich, K., Cliff, M.A., 2021. Modelling and classification of apple textural attributes using sensory. Foods. 10(2):384. 10.3390/foods10020384
Brummell, D.A., Watson, L.M., Pathirana, R., Joyce, N.I., West, P.J., Hunter, D.A., et al. 2011. Biofortification of tomato (solanum lycopersicum) fruit with the anticancer compound methylselenocysteine using a selenocysteine methyltransferase from a selenium hyperaccumulator. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59(20): 10987–10994. 10.1021/jf202583f
Сepдюк, ME., Степаненко, Д.С. and Кюрче, C.B., 2016. The study of mass loss intensity of plum fruits during storage. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 10(79): 42. 10.15587/1729-4061.2016.59694
Choudhary, P., Kumari, N. and Jain, V., 2020. Influence of selenium and chitosan on physico-chemical properties of guava (Psidium guajava) under storage. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90(2): 351–355. 10.56093/ijas.v90i2.99021
Dobrzanski, B. and Rybczynski, R., 2002. Colour change of apple as a result of storage, shelf-life, and bruising. International Agrophysics 16(4): 261–268.
Engin, H., Sen, F. and Gokbayrak, Z., 2009. Investigation of physilolgical disorders and fruit quality of sweet cherry. European Journal of Horticultural Science 74(3): 118–123.
Fikry, A.M., Radhi, K.S., Abourehab, M.A.S., Sayed-Ahmed, T.A.M., Ibrahim, M. M., Mohsen, F.S., et al. 2022. Effect of inorganic and organic nitrogen sources and biofertilizer on murcott mandarin fruit quality. Life (Base) 12: 2120. 10.3390/life12122120
Gibert, C., Chaduf, J., Vercambre, G., Genard, M. and Lescourret F., 2007. Cuticular cracking on nectarine fruit surface: spatial distribution and development in relation to irrigation and thinning. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 132(5): 583–591. 10.21273/JASHS.132.5.583
Gohari, G., Molaei, S., Kheiry, A., Ghafouri, M., Razavi, F., Lorenzo, J.M., et al. 2021. Exogenous application of proline and L-cysteine alleviates internal browning and maintains eating quality of cold stored flat “maleki” peach fruits. Horticulturae 7(11): 13. 10.3390/horticulturae7110469
Heryadi, A.L., Shalihat, A., Pratiwi, R. and Mutakin, M., 2020. Selenium species in vegetables: benefits and toxicity for the body. Journal Ilmiah Farmasi 16(2): 155–166. 10.20885/jif.vol16.iss2.art7
Huang, Y., Lei, N., Xiong, Y., Liu, Y., Tong, L., Wang, F., et al. 2022. Influence of selenium biofortification of soybeans on speciation and transformation during seed germination and sprouts quality. Foods 11(9): 1200. 10.3390/foods11091200
Karagiannis, E., Michailidis, M., Skodra, C., Molassiotis, A. and Tanou, G., 2021. Silicon influenced ripening metabolism and improved fruit quality traits in apples. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 166: 270–277. 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.037
Li, T., Wu, Q., Zhou, Y., Yun, Z., Duan, X. and Jiang, Y., 2018. L-cysteine hydrochloride delays senescence of harvested longan fruit in relation to modification of redox status. Postharvest Biology and Technology 143: 35-42. 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.04.011
Liu, H., Shi J., Song, L., Jiang, Y. and You Y., 2006. Browning control and quality maintenance of litchi fruit treated with combination of N-acetyl cysteine and isoascorbic acid. Journal of Food Technology 4(2):147–151.
Liu, W., Liu D., Zhang A., Feng C., Yang J., Yoon J., et al. 2007. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among plum germplasm resources in China assessed with inter-simple sequence repeat markers. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132(5): 619–628. 10.21273/JASHS.132.5.619
Maheswari, M., Murthy, A. and Shanker, A.K., 2017. Nitrogen nutrition in crops and its importance in crop quality. In The Indian Nitrogen Assessment: Sources of reactive nitrogen, environmental and climate effects, management options, and policies, Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 175–186. 10.1016/B978-0-12-811836-8.00012-4
Malheiros, R.S.P., Goncalves, F.C.M., Brito, F.A.L., Zsögön, A. and Ribeiro, D.M., 2020. Selenomethionine induces oxidative stress and modifies growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings through effects on hormone biosynthesis and primary metabolism. Ecotoxicology and Environment Safety 189: 109942. 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109942
Pezzarossa, B., Remorini, D., Gentile, M.L. and Massai, R., 2012. Effects of foliar and fruit addition of sodium selenate on selenium accumulation and fruit quality. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 92(4): 781–786. 10.1002/jsfa.4644
Puccinelli, M., Malorgio, F., Terry, L.A., Tosetti, R., Rosellini, I. and Pezzarossa, G., 2019. Effect of selenium enrichment on metabolism of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit during post-harvest ripening, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 5(99): 2463–2472. 10.1002/jsfa.9455
Qiu, X., Zhang, H., Zhang, H., Duan, C., Xiong, B. and Wang, Z., 2021. Fruit textural characteristics of 23 plum (Prunus salicina Lindl) cultivars: evaluation and cluster analysis. Hort Science 56(7): 816–823. 10.21273/HORTSCI15828-21
Rosen, H., 1957. A modified ninhydrin colorfulness analysis for amino acids. Archives Biochemistry and Biophysics 67(1): 10–15. 10.1016/0003-9861(57)90241-2.
Sharma, S. and Rao, T.R., 2013. Effect of honey and L-cysteine as antioxidants on the quality attributes of fresh-cut carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) stored at two different temperatures. International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation 24: 362–381. 10.1504/IJPTI.2013.060269
Singh, S.P., Zora, S. and Swinny, E.E., 2009. Postharvest nitric oxide fumigation delays fruit ripening and alleviates chilling injury during cold storage of Japanese plums (prunus salicina Lindell). Postharvest Biology and Technology 53(3): 101–108. 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2009.04.007
Simon, G. 2006. Review on rain induced fruit cracking of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.), its causes and the possibilities of prevention. International Journal of Horticultural Science, 12(3): 27–35. 10.31421/IJHS/12/3/654
Sun, X., Luo, Y., Han, G., Li, H. and Tian, J., 2021. Effects of low-dose selenium on melatonin synthesis in sweet cherry. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 21(4): 3309–3319. 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.22.013
Valero D., Diaz-Mula H.M., Zapata P.J., Guillen F., Martinez-Romero D., Castillo S., et al. 2013. Effects of alginate edible coating on preserving fruit quality in four plum cultivars during postharvest storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology 77(1): 1–6. 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2012.10.011
Wang, K., Wang, Y.Q., Li, K., Wan, Y., Wang, Q., Zhuang, Z., et al. 2020. Uptake, translocation and biotransformation of selenium nanoparticles in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Nanobiotechnol 18(1): 103. 10.1186/s12951-020-00659-6
Wang, J., Wei, L., Yan, L., Zheng, H., Liu, C. and Zheng, L., 2022. Effects of postharvest cysteine treatment on sensory quality and contents of bioactive compounds in goji fruit. Food Chemistry 366(5): 130546. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130546
Yan, R., Xu, Q., Dong, J., Kebbeh, M., Shen, S., Huan, C., et al. 2022. Effects of exogenous melatonin on ripening and decay incidence in plums (Prunus salicina L. cv. Taoxingli) during storage at room temperature. Scientia Horticulturae 292(20): 110655. 10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110655
Yilmaz, C. and Ozguven A.I., 2019. Physiology of pre-harvest fruit cracking in pomegranate: mineral contents. Acta Horticulturae 1254: 205–211. 10.17660/ActaHortic.2019.1254.31
Yuan, C., Bu, H., Zhao, J., Liu, J., Yuan, H. and Wang, A., 2023. Effect of Se application on selenium accumulation and fruit quality in pear (Pyrus ussuriensis). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 45(3):45. 10.1007/s11738-023-03521-y
Zhan, T., Hu, C., Kong, Q., Shi, G., Tang, Y., Zhou, Y., et al. 2021. Chitin combined with selenium reduced nitrogen loss in soil and improved nitrogen uptake efficiency in Guanxi pomelo orchard. Science of the Total Environment 799(3): 149414. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149414
Zhang, H., Wang, H., Li, H., Zhang, H., Duan, C., Qiu, X., et al. 2021. Study on the different of EXP and PsEXP10 in ripening period of ‘jinmi’ plum and ‘Qingcui’ plum. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 792: 12036. 10.1088/1755-1315/792/1/012036
Zhu, S., Liu, M. and Zhou, J., 2006. Inhibition by nitric oxide of ethylene biosynthesis and lipoxygenase activity in peach fruit during storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology 42(1): 41–48. 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.05.004
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