Establishment of dairy product risk rank model based on the perspective of time, space, and potential contaminants
Main Article Content
Keywords
dairy products, hazardous substances, risk classification, spatial-temporal distribution characteristics
Abstract
China ranks third in the global production of dairy products; however, dairy products are extremely vulnerable to contamination, which leaves harmful effects on the human body. This study assesses the risk classification of hazards, and examines regional and temporal distribution patterns using sample data on dairy products produced in China from 2017 to 2021. The risk value was estimated using the entropy weight method. Both global and local spatial autocorrelations were applied. The findings indicate that the primary high and relatively high-risk substances in circulation and production are veterinary medications, additives, microorganisms, and chromium whereas the main high and relatively high-risk substances in catering are additives, microorganisms, and chromium. Unqualified dairy samples were reported from 2017 to 2021. The categorical sampling of dairy products primarily takes place in western China, and only coliform group and total bacterial counts demonstrated high–high and low–low agglomeration, respectively. The dynamic adjustment of targeted regulatory opinions and regulatory plans is proposed to provide scientific basis for the safe supervision of dairy products through the classification of risk substances and the characteristics of related time and space distribution.
References
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Hu, G.G., Liu, J., Wang, Y.H., Yang, Z.N. and Shao, H.B. 2022. Applications of plant protein in the dairy industry. Foods 11(8): 1067. 10.3390/foods11081067
Iyer, M., Anand, U., Thiruvenkataswamy, S., Winster, H., Narayanasamy, A., Prajapati, V.K., Tiwari, C.K., Gopalakrishnan, A.V., Bontempi, E., Sonne, C., Barceló, D. and Vellingiri, B. 2023. A review of chromium (Cr) epigenetic toxicity and health hazards. Science of the Total Environment 882: 163483. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163483
Jindal, P., Bedi, J., Singh, R. and Gill, J.P. 2021. Epidemiological assessment of antibiotic residues in dairy farm milk and farm waste and water in northern India. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28(23): 29455–29466. 10.1007/s11356-020-12057-4
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Molognoni, L., de Sá Ploêncio, L.A., Valese, A.C., Lindner, J.D.D. and Daguer, H. 2016. A simple and fast method for the inspection of preservatives in cheeses and cream by liquid chromatography electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 147: 370–382. 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.008
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Nishimwe, K., Bowers, E.L., de Dieu Ayabagabo, J., Habimana, R., Mutiga, S. and Maier, D.E. 2022. Preliminary sampling of aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk from dairy farms using feed ingredients from Rwanda. Mycotoxin Research 38(2): 107–115. 10.1007/s12550-022-00454-2
Qu, X.Y., Zheng, N., Zhou, X.W., Li, S.L., Wang, J.Q. and Zhang, W.J. 2018. Analysis and risk assessment of seven toxic element residues in raw bovine milk in China. Biological Trace Element Research 183(1): 92–101. 10.1007/s12011-017-1116-x
Rajala-Schultz, P., Nodtvedt, A., Halasa, T. and Persson Waller, K. 2021. Prudent use of antibiotics in dairy cows: the nordic approach to udder health. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8: 623998. 10.3389/fvets.2021.623998
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