Optimisation of green tea polysaccharides by ultrasound-assisted extraction and their in vitro antidiabetic activities
Main Article Content
Keywords
green tea polysaccharide, ultrasound-assisted extraction, response surface methodology, α-glycosidase inhibitory activity
Abstract
Tea polysaccharides have attracted scientific interest due to their antidiabetic effects, and lower quality tea leaves have more polysaccharide in their content compared to higher grade tea leaves. The aim of this study was to optimise the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UE) conditions of polysaccharides from low-grade green tea (GTPS) by Box-Behnken response surface design on the desired response (yield). The optimal extraction parameters were determined as follows: extraction temperature (80 °C), extraction time (60 min), ultrasound power (400 W), and liquid to solid ratio (22 ml:g). The experimental yield of GTPS (4.65±0.29%) obtained under these conditions were well agreed with the value predicted by the model. Without applying ultrasound, while the other extraction conditions were the same (CE), the extraction yield was lower (1.83±0.04%). Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used for the identification of functional groups present in GTPS and gel permeation chromatography was used to determine the molecular weight distribution of samples. The molecular weight of GTPS obtained by UE was lower, probably some polysaccharide degradations occurred due to ultrasound application. The IR spectrum of GTPS obtained by UE and CE had very similar absorption bands typical for the polysaccharides. Although ultrasound application significantly increased the yield compared to classical hot water extraction, it reduced antioxidant and ?-glucosidase inhibitory activity of GTPS
References
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.017
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Yolmeh, M. and Jafari, S.M., 2017. Applications of response surface methodology in the food industry processes. Food and Bioprocess Technology 10(3): 413-433.
Zhang, L., Ye, X., Ding, T., Sun, X., Xu, Y. and Liu, D., 2013. Ultrasound effects on the degradation kinetics, structure and rheological properties of apple pectin. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 20(1): 222-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.07.021
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Zhu, C. and Liu, X., 2013. Optimization of extraction process of crude polysaccharides from Pomegranate peel by response surface methodology. Carbohydrate Polymers 92(2): 1197-1202. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2012.10.073
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Cai, J., Wang, Y., Xi, X., Li, H. and Wei, X., 2015. Using FTIR spectra and pattern recognition for discrimination of tea varieties. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 78: 439-446.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.03.025
Cai, W., Xie, L., Chen, Y. and Zhang, H., 2013. Purification, characterization and anticoagulant activity of the polysaccharides from green tea. Carbohydrate Polymers 92(2): 1086-1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2012.10.057
Cao, H., 2013. Polysaccharides from Chinese tea: Recent advance on bioactivity and function. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 62: 76-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.033
Chen, G., Yuan, Q., Saeeduddin, M., Ou, S., Zeng, X. and Ye, H., 2016. Recent advances in tea polysaccharides: extraction, purification, physicochemical characterization and bioactivities. Carbohydrate Polymers 153: 663-678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.022
Chen, H., Qu, Z., Fu, L., Dong, P. and Zhang, X., 2009. Physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of 3 polysaccharides from green tea, oolong tea, and black tea. Journal of Food Science 74(6): C469-C474. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01231.x
Chen, X., Shao, S., Xie, J., Yuan, H., Li, Q., Wu, L., Wu, Z., Haibo, Y. and Yongwen, J., 2018. Analysis of protein moiety of polysaccharide conjugates water-extracted from low grade green tea. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 34(4): 691-696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40242-018-7335-7
Cheng, H., Feng, S., Jia, X., Li, Q., Zhou, Y. and Ding, C., 2013. Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Epimedium acuminatum. Carbohydrate Polymers 92(1): 63-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.051
Dai, J., Wu, Y., Chen, S., Zhu, S., Yin, H., Wang, M. and Tang, J., 2010. Sugar compositional determination of polysaccharides from Dunaliella salina by modified RP-HPLC method of precolumn derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone. Carbohydrate Polymers 82(3): 629-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2010.05.029
DuBois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A. and Smith, F., 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry 28(3): 350-356. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017
Ebringerová, A. and Hromádková, Z., 2010. An overview on the application of ultrasound in extraction, separation and purification of plant polysaccharides. Central European Journal of Chemistry 8(2): 243-257.https://doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0006-2
Feng, S., Cheng, H., Fu, L., Ding, C. and Zhang, L., 2014. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera leaves. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 68: 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.04.026
Hanrahan, G. and Lu, K., 2006. Application of factorial and response surface methodology in modern experimental design and optimization. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 36(3-4): 141-151.https://doi.org/10.1080/10408340600969478
He, L., Yan, X., Liang, J., Li, S., He, H., Xiong, Q., Lai, X., Hou, S. and Huang, S., 2018. Comparison of different extraction methods for polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale stem. Carbohydrate Polymers 198: 101-108. https://doi.org/https http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.073
Horszwald, A. and Andlauer, W., 2011. Characterisation of bioactive compounds in berry juices by traditional photometric and modern microplate methods. Journal of Berry Research 1(4): 189-199.
Jiang, C., Li, X., Jiao, Y., Jiang, D., Zhang, L., Fan, B. and Zhang, Q., 2014. Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with antioxidant activity in vitro from the aerial root of Ficus microcarpa. Carbohydrate Polymers 110: 10-17.https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2014.03.027
Kang, Q., Chen, S., Li, S., Wang, B., Liu, X., Hao, L. and Lu, J., 2019. Comparison on characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum by ultrasound and conventional extraction. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 124: 1137-1144. https://doi.org/https http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.215
Maran, J.P. and Priya, B., 2014. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Nephelium lappaceum L. fruit peel. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 70: 530-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJBIOMAC.2014.07.032
Nie, S.P. and Xie, M.Y., 2011. A review on the isolation and structure of tea polysaccharides and their bioactivities. Food Hydrocolloids 25(2): 144-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODHYD.2010.04.010
Scoparo, C.T., Souza, L.M., Dartora, N., Sassaki, G.L., Santana-Filho, A.P., Werner, M.F.P., Borato, D.G., Baggio, C.H. and Iacomini, M., 2016. Chemical characterization of heteropolysaccharides from green and black teas (Camellia sinensis) and their anti-ulcer effect. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 86: 772-781.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.017
Shori, A.B., 2015. Screening of antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of medicinal plants. Journal of Integrative Medicine 13(5): 297-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-4964(15)60193-5
Wang, S. and Zhu, F., 2016. Antidiabetic dietary materials and animal models. Food Research International 85: 315-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODRES.2016.04.028
Wang, Y., Yu, L. and Wei, X., 2012. Monosaccharide composition and bioactivity of tea flower polysaccharides obtained by ethanol fractional precipitation and stepwise precipitation. CyTA – Journal of Food 10(1): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2010.523901
Wei, X., Chen, M., Xiao, J., Liu, Y., Yu, L., Zhang, H. and Wang, Y., 2010. Composition and bioactivity of tea flower polysaccharides obtained by different methods. Carbohydrate Polymers 79(2): 418-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2009.08.030
Xi, X., Wei, X., Wang, Y., Chu, Q. and Xiao, J., 2010. Determination of tea polysaccharides in Camellia sinensis by a modified phenol-sulfuric acid method. Archives of Biological Sciences 62(3): 669-676. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1003669X
Xiao, J.B. and Jiang, H., 2015. A review on the structure-function relationship aspect of polysaccharides from tea materials. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 55(7): 930-938. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.678423
Ying, Z., Han, X. and Li, J., 2011. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. Food Chemistry 127(3): 1273-1279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.083
Yip, K.M., Xu, J., Tong, W.S., Zhou, S.S., Yi, T., Zhao, Z.Z. and Chen, H.B., 2016. Ultrasound-assisted extraction may not be a better alternative approach than conventional boiling for extracting polysaccharides from herbal medicines. Molecules 21: 1569-1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21111569
Yolmeh, M. and Jafari, S.M., 2017. Applications of response surface methodology in the food industry processes. Food and Bioprocess Technology 10(3): 413-433.
Zhang, L., Ye, X., Ding, T., Sun, X., Xu, Y. and Liu, D., 2013. Ultrasound effects on the degradation kinetics, structure and rheological properties of apple pectin. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 20(1): 222-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.07.021
Zhang, W., Huang, J., Wang, W., Li, Q., Chen, Y., Feng, W., Zheng, D., Zhao, T., Mao, G., Yang, L. and Wu, X., 2016. Extraction, purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Cistanche tubulosa. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 93: 448-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJBIOMAC.2016.08.079
Zhao, Z.-Y., Zhang, Q., Li, Y.-F., Dong, L.-L. and Liu, S.-L., 2015. Optimization of ultrasound extraction of Alisma orientalispolysaccharides by response surface methodology and their antioxidant activities. Carbohydrate Polymers 119: 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2014.11.052
Zhu, C. and Liu, X., 2013. Optimization of extraction process of crude polysaccharides from Pomegranate peel by response surface methodology. Carbohydrate Polymers 92(2): 1197-1202. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CARBPOL.2012.10.073