Persistence and dissipation behavior of pesticide residues in parsley (Petroselinum crispum) under field conditions
Main Article Content
Keywords
Half-life; parsley; field conditions; post-harvest interval; GC/MS/MS; method validation
Abstract
The residue level, dissipation behavior, and dietary intake risk of chlorpyrifos-methyl, dimethoate, permethrin, iprodione, metalaxyl, and propargite in parsley (Petroselinum crispum) were investigated under field conditions. Extraction and determination of pesticide residues were carried out by a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and a gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) system, respec-tively. Dissipation of chlorpyrifos-methyl, dimethoate, permethrin, iprodione, metalaxyl, and propargite in pars-ley followed the first-order kinetics with a half-life (t1/2) of 3.33, 3.30, 2.94, 3.52, 4.10, and 3.38 days, respectively. Based on the dissipation pattern and the maximum residue limits (MRL), preharvest intervals (PHI) of 25, 13, 18, 24, 1, and 16 days are suggested for chlorpyrifos-methyl, dimethoate, permethrin, iprodione, metalaxyl, and propargite in parsley, respectively. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of pesticides ranged from 7.37E-05 (dimeth-oate) to 8.00E-04 (metalaxyl) mg/kg. The chronic risk assessment showed that the hazard quotient (HQ) was <1 and Hazard Index (HI, indicating the cumulative exposure to pesticide residues) was <100%, demonstrating that an intake of pesticide residues from parsley was safe for humans.
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Chen, L., Jia, C., Zhu, X., He, M., Yu, P. and Zhao, E., 2010. Residual dynamic analysis of metalaxyl-M in watermelon and soil. Agrochemicals 49: 282–283.
Chen, W., Liu, Y. and Jiao, B., 2016. Dissipation behavior of five organophosphorus pesticides in kumquat sample during hon-eyed kumquat candied fruit processing. Food Control 66: 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.01.033
Commission Regulation, 2017a. (EU) 2017/623 amending Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for acequinocyl, amitraz, coumaphos, diflufenican, flumequine, metribuzin, permethrin, pyraclostrobin and streptomycin in or on certain products. Official Journal of the European Union L 93/1.
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Commission Regulation, 2017c. (EU) 2017/1164 amending Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for acrinathrin, metalaxyl and thiabendazole in or on certain products. Official Journal of the European Union L 170/3.
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Commission Regulation, 2018b. (EU) 2018/832 amending Annexes II, III and V to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for cyantraniliprole, cymoxanil, deltamethrin, difenoconazole, fenamidone, flubendiamide, fluopicolide, folpet, fosetyl, mandestrobin, mepiquat, metazachlor, propamocarb, propargite, pyrimethanil, sulfoxaflor and trifloxystrobin in or on certain products/. Official Journal of the European Union L 140/38.
Commission Regulation, 2019. (EU) 2019/38 amending Annexes II and V to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for iprodione in or on certain products. Official Journal of the European Union: L 9/94.
Dong, B., Shao, X., Lin, H. and Hu, J., 2017. Dissipation, residues and risk assessment of metaldehyde and niclosamide ethanol-amine in pakchoi after field application. Food Chemistry 229: 604–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.117
El-Shahawi, M., 1997. Retention profiles of some commercial pesticides, pyrethroid and acaricide residues and their application to tomato and parsley plants. Journal of Chromatography A 760: 179–192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00872-2
Esturk, O., Yakar, Y. and Ayhan, Z., 2014. Pesticide residue analysis in parsley, lettuce and spinach by LC-MS/MS. Journal of Food Science and Technology 51: 458–466. 10.1007/ s13197-011-0531-9
European Commission, 2005. Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the european parliament and of the council of 23 february 2005 on maximum residue levels of pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin and amending council directive 91/414/ EEC. Access to the Official Journal 50: 1–50.
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