An insight into mycotoxins decontamination from corn and corn-based products: an updated review of methods, challenges, and perspectives
Main Article Content
Keywords
aflatoxin, fumonisin, contamination, human health, cold plasma, metabolites
Abstract
Corn is a vital cereal consumed globally because of its rich nutritional value. However, corn grains are prone to contamination with numerous mycotoxin-producing fungi from farm to fork. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that severely threaten the human health and lead to economic loss of the grain industry. Various techniques are applied at different stages after harvesting corn to remove or degrade mycotoxins. The decontamination techniques are categorized into physical (cold plasma, irradiation, and microwave), chemical (ozone, chlorine dioxide, and ammonia), and biological methods (non-toxigenic strains, lactic acid bacteria, and enzymes). These techniques have varied efficiencies for the degradation of mycotoxins from corn or corn-based products. The decontamination technologies are selected based on the maximum reduction of mycotoxins and minimum effect on corn's nutritional and bioactive properties. This review addressed the role of corn-based products in human health, mycotoxin contamination, and decontamination techniques, challenges, and possible approaches. Researchers are in the process of developing and optimizing new decontamination techniques that might reduce toxigenic fungi or mycotoxins from corn without adversely affecting corn-based products.
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