Using phosphorus-dissolving microorganisms for quinoa quality enhancement: effects on root and leaf traits and nutrient composition of quinoa seedlings in coastal wetlands
Main Article Content
Keywords
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Leaf traits, Nutrient elements, Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, Quinoa, Root traits
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is rich in protein and dietary fiber, both of which are safe and healthy. In-depth research is being conducted on the nutritional components of quinoa. We explore the effects of phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms on the root and leaf traits, protein content, biomass, and nutritional elements of quinoa. This study added different phosphorus-solubilizing microbial agents to quinoa grown in saline alkali soil (blank control, CK group; Kaiduo explosive root (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF) was applied alone, K group; and compound application of Kaiduo explosive root and dephosphorizing bacteria (KJ group), analyzing their effects on the root and leaf traits, protein content, biomass, and nutritional elements of quinoa. The results revealed that the combined application of AMF and dephosphorylating bacteria can (a) promote the root and leaf development of quinoa, (b) increase the fresh weight and dry weight of quinoa, and (c) increase the protein content and nutrient elements such as iron and potassium in quinoa. The conclusion is that the addition of dephosphorylating microorganisms can improve the quality of quinoa and popularize the cultivation of quinoa in coastal wetlands.
References
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Talawar, S., and Bc, D., 2020. Effect of different levels of phosphorus and phosphorus solubilizers on phosphorus fractions in soil at different stages of paddy. International Journal of Chemical Studies 8: 1100–1104. 10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1o.8396
Ullah, M., Daur, I., Khan, B., Mehran Anjum, M., and Ali, N., 2023. Rock phosphate and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria effect on yield and yield components of chickpea. Gesunde Pflanzen 75: 2889–2898. 10.1007/s10343-023-00866-9
Wang, X., Yan, B., Shi, L., Zhao, G., and Liu, G., 2024. Effects of native and non-native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of dodonaea viscosa under drought stress conditions. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 24: 2648–2664. 10.1007/s42729-024-01686-0
Wang, C., Pan, G., Lu, X., and W, Qi., 2023. Phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms: potential promoters of agricultural and environmental engineering. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 11. 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1181078
Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Liu, L., Li, S., Xie, J., Xue, X., and Jiang, Y., 2022. Screening of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and their abilities of phosphorus solubilization and wheat growth promotion. BMC Microbiology. 22. 10.1186/s12866-022-02715-7
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Yamato, M., Ikeda, S., and Iwase, K., 2008. Community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a coastal vegetation on okinawa island and effect of the isolated fungi on growth of sorghum under salt-treated conditions. Mycorrhiza 18: 241–249. 10.1007/s00572-008-0177-2
Zhu, S., Sun, S., Zhao, W., Sheng, L., Mao, H., and Yang, X., 2024. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviated the effects of Cd stress on Passiflora edulis growth by regulating the rhizosphere microenvironment and microbial community structure at the seedling stage. Scientia Horticulturae. 328. 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.112879
Chen, J., Wang, L., Liang, X., Li, B., He, Y., and Zhan F., 2023. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus differentially regulates root traits and cadmium uptake in two maize varieties. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 264. 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115458
Elhaissoufi, W., Khourchi, S., Ibnyasser, A., Ghoulam, C., Rchiad, Z., Zeroual, Y., and Bargaz, A., 2020. Phosphate solubilizing rhizobacteria could have a stronger influence on wheat root traits and aboveground physiology than rhizosphere p solubilization. Frontiers in Plant Science. 11. 10.3389/fpls.2020.00979
Fan, B., Zhao, C., Zhao, L., Wang, M., Sun, N., Li, Z., and Yang, F., 2024. Biochar application can enhance phosphorus solubilization by strengthening redox properties of humic reducing microorganisms during composting. Bioresource Technology. 395. 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130329
Gonçalves, I.C., Soares, S., and Rocha, F.R.P., 2023. Exploiting microdistillation and smartphone-based digital-image colorimetry for determination of protein in foods. Microchemical Journal. 188. 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108461
Huang, Y., Dai, Z., Lin, J., Qi, Q., Luo, Y., Dahlgren, R.A., et al., 2021. Contrasting effects of carbon source recalcitrance on soil phosphorus availability and communities of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms. Journal of Environmental Management. 298. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113426
Jaiswal, D.K., Jin, F., Hu, Q., Zhao, Y., Lin, X., Zhang, J., and Zhang, J., 2022. Enhancing quinoa growth under severe saline-alkali stress by phosphate solubilizing microorganism penicillium funicuiosum p1. Plos One. 17. 10.1371/journal.pone.0273459
Kshetri, L., Kotoky, R., Debnath, S., Maheshwari, D.K., and Pandey, P., 2024. Shift in the soil rhizobacterial community for enhanced solubilization and bioavailability of phosphorus in the rhizosphere of Allium hookeri Thwaites, through bioaugmentation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. 3 Biotech. 14. 10.1007/s13205-024-04026-2
Koczorski, P., Furtado, B.U., Baum, C., Weih, M., Ingvarsson, P., Hulisz, P., et al., 2023. Large effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on the growth and gene expression of Salix spp. at low phosphorus levels. Frontiers in Plant Science. 14. 10.3389/fpls.2023.1218617
Kalayu, G., 2019. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms: promising approach as biofertilizers. International Journal of Agronomy 2019: 1–7. 10.1155/2019/4917256
Lee, A., Neuberger, P., Omokanye, A., Hernandez-Ramirez, G., Kim, K., and Gorzelak, M.A., 2023. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in oat-pea intercropping. Scientific Reports. 13. 10.1038/s41598-022-22743-7
Li, W., Wang, J., Jiang, L., Lv, G., Hu, D., Wu, D., and Yang, X., 2023. Rhizosphere effect and water constraint jointly determined the roles of microorganism in soil phosphorus cycling in arid desert regions. Catena. 222. 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106809
Le, L., Gong, X., An, Q., Xiang, D., Zou, L., Peng, L., et al., 2021. Quinoa sprouts as potential vegetable source: nutrient composition and functional contents of different quinoa sprout varieties. Food Chemistry. 357. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129752
Liu, J., Liu, X., Zhang, Q., Li, S., Sun, Y., Lu, W., and Ma, C., 2020. Response of alfalfa growth to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria under different phosphorus application levels. AMB Express. 10. 10.1186/s13568-020-01137-w
Lu, Y., Gong, C., Wu, L., Liu, H., and Guo, G., 2020. Determination of Fe in graphene by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1637. 10.1088/1742-6596/1637/1/012005
Ma, C., Lei, C.Y., Zhu, X.L., Ren, C.G., Liu, N., Liu, Z.Y., et al., 2022. Saline-alkali land amendment and value development: microalgal biofertilizer for efficient production of a halophytic crop–Chenopodium quinoa. Land Degradation & Development 34: 956–968. 10.1002/ldr.4508
Mahdi, I., Fahsi, N., Hafidi, M., Benjelloun, S., Allaoui, A., and Biskri, L., 2021. Rhizospheric phosphate solubilizing bacillus atrophaeus gqjk17 s8 increases quinoa seedling, withstands heavy metals, and mitigates salt stress. Sustainability. 13. 10.3390/su13063307
Ponce, G.E., Fuse, M., Chan, A., and Connor, E.F., 2021. The localization of phytohormones within the gall-inducing insect Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae). Arthropod-Plant Interactions 15: 375–385. 10.1007/s11829-021-09817-5
Patel, H.D., Krishnamurthy, R., and Azeez, M.A., 2016. Effect of biofertilizer on growth, yield and bioactive component of plumbago zeylanica (Lead Wort). Journal of Agricultural Science. 8. 10.5539/jas.v8n5p141
Ranjan, A., Rajput, V.D., Prazdnova, E.V., Gurnani, M., Sharma, S., Bhardwaj, P., et al., 2024. Augmenting abiotic stress tolerance and root architecture: the function of phytohormone-producing PGPR and their interaction with nanoparticles. South African Journal of Botany 167: 612–629. 10.1016/j.sajb.2024.02.041
Ray, A., Sakhare, S.D., and Srivastava, A.K., 2023. Novel nutrient dense quinoa fractions: physical, functional, thermal and rheological characterisation for potential industry application. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 58: 6530–6540. 10.1111/ijfs.16766
Sangwan, S., and Prasanna, R., 2021. Mycorrhizae helper bacteria: unlocking their potential as bioenhancers of plant–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal associations. Microbial Ecology 84: 1–10. 10.1007/s00248-021-01831-7
Turan, M., Kocaman, A., Tüfenkçi, Ş., Katırcıoğlu, H., Güneş, A., Kıtır, N., et al., 2023. Development of organic phosphorus vermicompost from raw phosphate rock using microorganisms and enzymes and its effect on tomato yield. Scientia Horticulturae. 321. 10.1016/j.scienta.2023.112323
Tian, X.Y., He, D.D., Bai, S., Zeng, W.Z., Wang, Z., Wang, M., Chen, Z.C., 2021. Physiological and molecular advances in magnesium nutrition of plants. Plant and Soil 468: 1–17. 10.1007/s11104-021-05139-w
Talawar, S., and Bc, D., 2020. Effect of different levels of phosphorus and phosphorus solubilizers on phosphorus fractions in soil at different stages of paddy. International Journal of Chemical Studies 8: 1100–1104. 10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1o.8396
Ullah, M., Daur, I., Khan, B., Mehran Anjum, M., and Ali, N., 2023. Rock phosphate and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria effect on yield and yield components of chickpea. Gesunde Pflanzen 75: 2889–2898. 10.1007/s10343-023-00866-9
Wang, X., Yan, B., Shi, L., Zhao, G., and Liu, G., 2024. Effects of native and non-native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of dodonaea viscosa under drought stress conditions. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 24: 2648–2664. 10.1007/s42729-024-01686-0
Wang, C., Pan, G., Lu, X., and W, Qi., 2023. Phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms: potential promoters of agricultural and environmental engineering. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 11. 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1181078
Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Liu, L., Li, S., Xie, J., Xue, X., and Jiang, Y., 2022. Screening of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and their abilities of phosphorus solubilization and wheat growth promotion. BMC Microbiology. 22. 10.1186/s12866-022-02715-7
Yu, L., Zhang, H., Zhang, W., Han, B., Zhou, H., Lu, X., et al., 2023. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter the interaction effects between bacillus and rhizobium on root morphological traits of medicago ruthenica L. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 23: 2868–2877. 10.1007/s42729-023-01242-2
Yasui, Y., Hirakawa, H., Oikawa, T., Toyoshima, M., Matsuzaki, C., Ueno, M., et al., 2016. Draft genome sequence of an inbred line of chenopodium quinoa, an allotetraploid crop with great environmental adaptability and outstanding nutritional properties. DNA Research 23: 535–546. 10.1093/dnares/dsw037
Yamato, M., Ikeda, S., and Iwase, K., 2008. Community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a coastal vegetation on okinawa island and effect of the isolated fungi on growth of sorghum under salt-treated conditions. Mycorrhiza 18: 241–249. 10.1007/s00572-008-0177-2
Zhu, S., Sun, S., Zhao, W., Sheng, L., Mao, H., and Yang, X., 2024. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviated the effects of Cd stress on Passiflora edulis growth by regulating the rhizosphere microenvironment and microbial community structure at the seedling stage. Scientia Horticulturae. 328. 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.112879
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