Extraction of antioxidant compounds from Espino maulino (Vachellia caven) fruit using supercritical CO2 and accelerated solvent extraction in a serial process: characterization and application in amodel lipid system
Main Article Content
Keywords
Vachellia caven hawthorn, supercritical CO2, accelerated solvent extraction, antioxidant properties, thermostability
Abstract
This study investigated the extraction of antioxidant compounds from hawthorn fruit (Vachellia caven), a species native to South America, using supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method. The results revealed that according to the total phenols assay, pod had a richness of phenolic compounds (22568.49 GAE/100 g dry matter), and a strong antioxidant activity was demonstrated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (362.27 µmol TE/g dry matter) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (3049.39 umol TE/g dry matter) assays. The seed fraction was rich in tocopherols, particularly γ-tocotrienol, which is scarce and associated with good antioxidant activity (59.92 ug/g oil). The Sc-CO2 extract contained a significant amount of unsaturated fatty acids (65–84%), including linoleic and linolenic acids, which are of nutritional interest. Hawthorn extracts, particularly the pod extract, demonstrated significant antioxidant properties in a refined sunflower oil model system, slowing the generation of primary and secondary lipid oxidation compounds in a thermo-oxidative process, indicating their potential as natural preservatives in food applications.
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Huang, D., Ou, B., Hampsch-Woodill, M., Flanagan, J.A. and Prior, R.L. 2002. High-throughput assay of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) using a multichannel liquid handling system coupled with a microplate fluorescence reader in 96-well format. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50: 4437–4444. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0201529
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Ishak, I., Hussain, N., Coorey, R. and Ghani, M.A. 2021. Optimization and characterization of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) oil extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of CO2 Utilization 45: 101430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101430
Joshi, D. and Adhikari, N. 2019. An overview on common organic solvents and their toxicity. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International 28: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2019/v28i330203
Karabayır ES, Öğütcü M. 2024. Assessment and comparative analysis of the antioxidant capacity of some food waste for fish oils. Grasas y Aceites 75 (2), 2021. https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.0969231.2021
Kraujalis, P. and Venskutonis, P.R. 2013. Optimisation of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of amaranth seeds by response surface methodology and characterization of extracts isolated from different plant cultivars. Journal of Supercritical Fluids 73: 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2012.11.009
Kraujalis, P., Venskutonis, P.R., Pukalskas, A., and Kazernavičiūtė, R. 2013. Accelerated solvent extraction of lipids from Amaranthus spp. seeds and characterization of their composition. Food Science and Technology (LWT) 54(2): 528–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.06.014
Lee, J., Durst, R.W. and Wrolstad, R.E. 2005. Determination of total monomeric anthocyanin pigment content of fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines by the pH differential method: Collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International 88: 1269–1278. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.5.1269
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