Improving the oil yield of Iranian Jatropha curcas seeds by optimising ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extraction process: a response surface method
Main Article Content
Keywords
fatty acids analysis, Jatropha curcas seed, oil extraction, optimisation, ultrasound-assisted extraction
Abstract
An ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction (UASE) procedure has been optimised to speed up oil extraction from Jatropha curcas L. seeds by response surface methodology-Box-Behnken design (RSM-BBD). The preliminary study to determine the best solvent for extracting oil from J. curcas containing more than 60% oil revealed that ethanol had the highest efficiency among chloroform, acetone, n-hexane and methanol. Three independent variables including UASE time (10-60 min), UASE temperature (30-60 °C) and ratio of ethanol to sample (15:45, v/w) were investigated to achieve the highest oil yield. RSM-BBD demonstrated that a second-order polynomial model can adequately be developed with a high R2 (0.9952) using multiple linear regression analysis. The linear effect of ethanol to sample ratio had the most significant (P<0.05) effect on yield value. The most suitable combination of variables for higher yield increase (61.94%) was UASE time of 51.69 min, UASE temperature of 44.57 °C and a ratio of ethanol to the sample of 44.78 (v/w). At this optimal condition, the yield increased to 62.12%, which was close to the amount predicted by the model which was nearly 2.5× more than the obtained yield in the Soxhlet extraction procedure (25.63%). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the oils extracted under optimal conditions showed that the most dominant fatty acids were oleic (26.15%), linoelic (24.21%), palmitic (21.09%) and stearic (6.28%) acids, respectively.
References
Balachandran, S., Kentish, S.E., Mawson, R. and Ashokkumar, M., 2006. Ultrasonic enhancement of the supercritical extraction from ginger. Ultrasonic Sonochemistry 13: 471-479.
Balasubramanian, S., Allen, J.D., Kanitkar, A. and Boldor, D., 2011. Oil extraction from Scenedesmus obliquus using a continuous microwave system-design, optimization, and quality characterization. Bioresource Technology 102: 3396-3403.
Bhasabutra, R. and Sutiponpeibun, S., 1982. Jatropha cureas oil as a substitute for diesel engine oil. Renewable Energy Review Journal 4: 56-61.
Bimakr, M., Abdul Rahman, R., Taip, F.S., Mohd Adzahan, N., Sarker, Md.Z.I. and Ganjloo, A., 2012. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of crude oil from winter melon (Benincasa hispida) seed using response surface methodology and evaluation of its antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and fatty acid composition. Molecules 17: 11748-11762.
Fairbanks, H.V., 2001. Drying powdered coal with the aid of ultrasound. Powder Technology 40: 257-264.
Ferreira-Dias, S., Valente, D.G. and Abreu, J.M.F., 2003. Comparison between ethanol and hexane for oil extraction from Quercus suberL. fruits. Grasas y Aceites 54: 378-383.
Gharibzahedi, S.M.T., Ansarifard, I., Sadeghi Hasanabadi, Y., Ghahderijani, M. and Yousefi, R., 2013d. Physicochemical properties of Moringa peregrina seed and its oil. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 5: 303-309.
Gharibzahedi, S.M.T., Mousavi, S.M., Hamedi, M. and Khodaiyan, F., 2013b. Application of response surface modeling to optimize critical structural components of walnut-beverage emulsion with respect to analysis of the physicochemical aspects. Food and Bioprocess Technology 6: 456-469.
Gharibzahedi, S.M.T., Mousavi, S.M., Hamedi, M., Rezaei, K. and Khodaiyan, F., 2013c. Evaluation of physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of walnut oil obtained by several extraction methods. Industrial Crops and Products 45: 133-140.
Gharibzahedi, S.M.T., Mousavi, S.M., Jafari, S.M. and Faraji, K., 2012a. Proximate composition, mineral content, and fatty acids profile of two varieties of lentil seeds cultivated in Iran. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 47: 976-978.
Gharibzahedi, S.M.T., Razavi, S.H. and Mousavi, S.M, 2013a. Ultrasound-assisted formation of the canthaxanthin emulsions stabilized by arabic and xanthan gums. Carbohydrate Polymers 96: 21-30.
Gharibzahedi, S.M.T., Razavi, S.H. and Mousavi, S.M., 2012b.Developing an emulsion model system containing canthaxanthin biosynthesized by Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules51: 618-626.
Gharibzahedi, S.M.T., Razavi, S.H. and Mousavi, S.M., 2014. Enzymatically hydrolyzed molasses and sodium citrate as new potentials for the improvement of canthaxanthin batch synthesis by Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1: a statistical media optimization. Czech Journal of Food Sciences 32: 326-336.
Gharibzahedi, S.M.T., Razavi, S.H. and Mousavi, S.M., 2015. Optimal development of a new stable nutraceutical nanoemulsion based on the inclusion complex of 2-hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin with canthaxanthin accumulated by Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1 using ultrasound-assisted emulsification. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 36: 614-625.
Goula, A.M., 2013. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of pomegranate seed oil-kinetic modeling. Journal of Food Engineering 117: 492-498.
Gubitz, G.M., Mittelbach, M. and Trabi, M., 1999. Exploitation of tropical oil seed plant Jatropha curcas L. Bioresource Technology 67: 73-82.
Hromádková, Z., Ková?iková, J. and Ebringerová, A., 1999. Study of the classical and ultrasound-assisted extraction of the corn cob xylan. Industrial Crops and Products 9: 101-109.
Li, H., Pordesimo, L. and Weiss, J., 2004. High intensity ultrasound-assisted extraction of oil from soybeans. Food Research International 37: 731-738.
Lin, J., Yan, F., Tang, L. and Chen, F., 2003. Antitumor effects of curcin from seeds of Jatropha curcas. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 24: 241-246.
Luque-Garcia, J.L. and Luque de Castro, M.D., 2004. Ultrasound-assisted Soxhlet extraction, an expeditive approach for solid sample treatment, application to the extraction of total fat from oleaginous seeds. Journal of Chromatography A 1034: 237-242.
Makkar, H.P.S., Francis, G. and Becker, K., 2008. Protein concentrate from Jatropha curcas screw-pressed seed cake and toxic and antinutritional factors in protein concentrate. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 88: 1542-1548.
Matthäus, B., Özcan, M.M. and Al Juhaimi, F., 2015. Variations in oil, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of some Labiateae and Umbelliferae seed oils. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 7: 103-107.
Myers, R.H. and Montgomery, R.C., 2002. Response surface methodology, process and product optimization using design experiment. John Wiley, New York, USA.
Rittner, H., 1992. Extraction of vegetable oils with ethyl alcohol. Oléagineux 47: 29-42.
Tang, M., Sun, J., Liu, Y., Chen, F. and Shen, S., 2007. Isolation and functional characterization of the JcERF gene, a putative AP2/EREBP domain-containing transcription factor, in the woody oil plant Jatropha curcas. Plant Molecular Biology 63: 419-428.
Tian, Y., Xu, Z., Zheng, B. and Lob, Y.M., 2013. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of pomegranate (Punica granatumL.). seed oil. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 20: 202-208.
Vilkhu, K., Mawson, R., Simons, L. and Bates, D., 2008. Applications and opportunities for ultrasound assisted extraction in the food industry – a review. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies 9: 161-169.
Vinatoru, M., 2001. An overview of the ultrasonically assisted extraction of bioactive principles from herbs. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 8: 303-313.
Zhang, Z.S., Wang, L.J., Li, D., Jiao, S.S., Chen, X.D. and Mao, Z.H., 2008. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of oil from flaxseed. Separation and Purification Technology 62: 192-198.
Zhao, S., Kwok, K.C. and Liang, H., 2007. Investigation on ultrasound assisted extraction of saikosaponins from Radix Bupleuri. Separation and Purification Technology 55: 307-312.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
