Mechanical damage to wheat seeds as affected by phosphorus and iron fertilisation rate

Main Article Content

F. Shahbazi
R. Sharafi
S. Jahangiri Moomevandi
M. Daneshvar

Keywords

wheat, mechanical damage, harvesting, handling, fertilisation, phosphorus, iron

Abstract



The effects of phosphorus and iron fertilisers on the mechanical damage to wheat seed are unclear. The objectives were to determine the effect of different levels of phosphorus and iron fertilisation on the mechanical damage to wheat seed under impact. Phosphorus and iron treatments were combinations of four phosphorus rates (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/ha P2O5) and three foliar iron rates (0, 1.2 and 2 l/ha Fusin) at three replications. The harvested seeds were then subjected to impact energies of 0.1 and 0.2 J, at moisture contents of 8.5 to 25% (wet basis). Phosphorus and iron fertility levels and the interaction between two variables significantly influenced the mechanical damage to seeds (P<0.01). Resistance to breakage of wheat seeds increased following linear and polynomial relationships with increase in the phosphorus and iron rates, respectively. Increasing the rate of phosphorus from 0 to 225 kg/ha caused a significant decrease in the mean values of damage to seeds from 54.85 to 26.40% (by 2.07 times). The mean values of seeds damage decreased significantly from 52.39 to 24.07% (by 2.17 times) as the rate of foliar iron increased from 0 to 2 l/ha. As the moisture content of the seeds increased from 8.5 to 25%, the percentage breakage of seeds decreased, at all rates of the phosphorus and iron fertilisers.




 
Abstract 74 | PDF Downloads 54

References

American Society of Agricultural Engineering (ASAE), 1988. Moisture measurement – grain and seeds. In: ASAE Standards, agricultural engineer’s yearbook. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI, USA, pp. 347-352.
Asoegwu, S.N., 1995. Some physical properties and cracking energy of conophor nuts at different moisture content. International Agrophysics 9: 131-142.
Baryeh, E.A., 2002. A simple grain impact damage assessment device for developing countries. Journal of Food Engineering 56: 37-42.
Dziki, D. and Laskowski, J., 2007. Influence of moisture content on mechanical properties of rye kernels. Acta Agrophysica 9: 39-48.
Gorzelany, J., 1999. Effect of various fertilizer levels on cracking resistance of horse beans. International Agrophysics 13: 221-225.
Khazaei, J., 2009. Influence of impact velocity and moisture content on mechanical damage of white kidney beans under impact loadings. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 42: 5-18.
Khazaei, J., Shahbazi, F., Massah, J., Nikravesh, M. and Kianmehr, M.H., 2008. Evaluation and modeling of physical and physiological damage to wheat seeds under successive impact loadings: mathematical and neural networks modeling. Crop Science48: 1532-1544.
Kim, T.H., Opara, L.U., Hampton, J.G., Hardacre, A.K. and MacKay, B.R., 2002. The effects of grain temperature on breakage susceptibility in maize. Biosystems Engineering 82: 415-421.
Niewczas, J., 1994. Assessment of mechanical damage to wheat grain as detected by means of the X-ray technique [in Polish]. Acta Agrophysica 2. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN, Lublin, Poland.
Oluwole, F.A., Aviara, N.A. and Haque, M.A., 2007. Effect of moisture content and impact energy on the crackability of shea nut. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal IX: 807 002.
Parde, S.R., Kausalb, R.T., Jayasa, D.S. and White, N.D.G., 2002. Mechanical damage to soybean seed during processing. Journal of Stored Products Research 38: 385-394.
Shahbazi, F., 2011. Impact damage to chickpea seeds as affected by moisture content and impact velocity. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 25: 771-775.
Shahbazi, F., 2012. A study on the seed susceptibility of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to impact damage. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 14: 505-512.
Shahbazi, F., 2013. Effective conditions for extracting higher quality kernels from walnuts. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 5: 199-206.
Shahbazi, F., Analooei, M. and Saffar, A., 2011a. Mechanical damage to pinto bean seeds as affected by moisture content, impact velocity and seed orientation. International Journal of Food Engineering 7:8.
Shahbazi, F., Dolatshah, A. and Valizadeh, S., 2014. Evaluation and modelling the mechanical damage to cowpea seeds under impact loading. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 6; 453-458.
Shahbazi, F., Saffar, A. and Analloei, M., 2011b. Mechanical damage to navy beans as affected by moisture content, impact velocity and seed orientation. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 3: 205-211.
Shahbazi, F., Sharafi, R., Biranvand, F. and Tolabi, N.Z., 2012. Influence of different fertilization level of zinc sulphate and plant density on the breakage susceptibility of triticale seeds.Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 45: 5-13.
Sosnowski, S., 2006. Reasons of mechanical damage of bean seeds under dynamic loads. Acta Agrophysica 130: 1-65.
Szwed, G. and Lukaszuk, J., 2007. Effect of rapeseed and wheat kernel moisture on impact damage. International Agrophysics 21: 299-304.
Szwed, G. and Tys, J., 2002. Estimation of physical results of percussive loads in wheat and triticale seed. International Agrophysics 16: 297-300.