Organochlorine pollutants in fish from the Bulgarian region of the Black Sea
Main Article Content
Keywords
Black Sea, Bulgaria, DDT, fish, PCB
Abstract
Persistent organochlorine pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane residues (DDTs) can still be a problem for the aquatic environment and human health. The levels of DDTs and PCB congeners were determined in fish from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Four fish species with different feeding behaviour, goby (Neogobius cephalargoides), sprat (Sprattus sprattus sulinus), horse mackerel (Trachurus Mediterraneus ponticus) and shad (Alosa pontica pontica) were sampled from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast during 2007-2010. The DDT and PCB residues were measured in clean fish extracts by gas chromatography with mass detection. The main metabolite p,p'-dichloro diphenyl dichloroethylene was the most frequently detected compound in all fish species and was present in much higher concentrations than the other DDTs (ranging from 119.32 to 1,324.44 ng/g fat). PCBs were found in all fish species at concentrations ranging between 135.1 ng/g fat in horse mackerel and 990.8 ng/g fat in goby (calculated as the sum of 15 investigated congeners). The levels of DDTs and PCBs in fish from Bulgarian Black Sea coast were comparable to those found in fish species from the Black Sea and from neighbouring seas (the Marmara Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea).
References
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Borghesi, N., Corsolini, S. and Focardi, S., 2008. Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pollutants in two species of Antarctic fish (Chionodraco hamatusand Trematomus bernacchii). Chemosphere 73: 155-160.
Coelhan, M., Stroheimer, J. and Barlas, H., 2006. Organochlorine levels in edible fish from the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Environment International 32: 775-780.
Commission of the European Communities, 1999. Commission decision 1999/788/EC of 3 December 1999 on protective measures with regard to contamination by dioxins of certain products of porcine and poultry origin intended for human or animal consumption. Official Journal of the European Union L 310: 62.
Commission of the European Communities, 2006. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union L 364: 5.
Covaci, A., Gheorghe, A., Hulea, O. and Schepens, P., 2006. Levels and distribution of organochloride pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments and biota from the Danube Delta, Romania. Environmental Pollution 140: 136-149.
Ennaceur, S., Gandoura, N. and Driss, M.R., 2008. Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk from various locations in Tunisia: levels of contamination, influencing factors, and infant risk assessment. Environmental Research 108: 86-93.
European Commission, 2000. Assessment of dietary intake of dioxins and related PCBs by the population of EU member states. European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.
Fillmann, G., Readman, J.W., Tolosa, I., Bartocci, J., Villenueve, J.-P., Cattini, C. and Mee, L.D., 2002. Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments from the Black Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44: 122-133.
Isosaari, P., Hallikainen, A., Kiviranta, H., Vuorinen, P.J., Parmanne, R., Koistinen, J. and Vartiainen, T., 2006. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls, naphthalenes and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the edible fish caught from the Baltic Sea and lakes in Finland. Environmental Pollution 141: 213-225.
Kalyoncu, L., Agca, I. and Aktumsek, A., 2009. Some organochlorine pesticide residues in fish species in Konya, Turkey. Chemosphere 74: 885-889.
Kurt, P. and Ozkoc, H., 2004. A survey to determine levels of chlorinated pesticides and PCBs in mussels and seawater from the Mid-Black Sea Coast of Turkey. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48: 1076-1083.
Langer, P., Kocan, A., Tajtakova, M., Petrik, J., Chovancova, J., Drobna, B., Jursa, S., Pavuk, M., Koska, J., Trnovec, T., Sebokova, E. and Klimes, I., 2003. Possible effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorinated pesticides on the thyroid after long-term exposure to heavy environmental pollution. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 45: 526-532.
Maldonado, C. and Bayona, J.M., 2002. Organochlorine compounds in the north-western Black Sea water: distribution and water column process Estuarine, Coastal andShelf Science 54: 527-540.
Naso, B., Perrone, D., Ferrante, M.C., Bilancione, M. and Lucidano, A., 2005. Persistent organic pollutants in edible marine species from the Gulf of Naples, southern Italy. Scienceof theTotal Environment 343: 83-95.
Okay, O.S., Karac?k, B., Serden, B., Henkelmann, B., Bernhöft, S. and Schramm, K.W., 2009. PCB and PCDD/F in sediments and mussels of the Istanbul strait (Turkey). Chemosphere 76: 159-166.
Perugini, M., Lavaliere, M., Giammarino, A., Mazzone, P., Olivieri, V. and Amorena, M., 2004. Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in some edible marine organisms from the Central Adriatic Sea. Chemosphere 57: 391-400.
Serrano, R., Barreda, M. and Blanes, M.A., 2008. Investigating the presence of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in wild and farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) from the Western Mediterranean sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56: 963-972.
Smith, A.G. and Gangoli, S.D., 2002. Organochlorine chemicals in seafood: occurrence and health concerns. Food and Chemical Toxicology 40: 767-779.
Stoichev, T., Makedonski, L., Trifonova, T., Stancheva, M. and Ribarova, F., 2007. DDT in fish from the Bulgarian region of the Black Sea. Chemistry and Ecology 23: 191-200.
Storelli, M.M. and Marcotrigiano, G.O., 2006. Occurrence and accumulation of organochlorine contaminants in swordfish from Mediterranean Sea: a case study. Chemosphere 62: 375-380.
Szlinder-Richert, J., Barska, I., Mazerski, J. and Usydus, Z., 2008. Organochlorine pesticides in fish from the southern Baltic Sea: levels, bioaccumulation features and temporal trends during the 1995-2006 period. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56: 927-940.
Tanabe, S., Madhusree, B., Ozturk, A.A., Tatsukawa, R., Miyazaki, N., Ozdamar, E., Aral, O., Samsun, O. and Ozturk, B., 1997. Persistent organochlorine residues in harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from the Black Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 34: 338-347.
Thomson, B. and Rose, M., 2011. Environmental contaminants in foods and feeds in the light of climate change.Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods3: 2-11.
Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum, L., Bosveld, A.T.C., Brunstrom, B., Cook, P., Feeley, M., Giesy, J.P., Hanberg, A., Hasegawa, R., Kennedy, S.W., Kubiak, T., Larsen, J.C., Van Leeuwen, F.X., Liem, A.K., Nolt, C., Peterson, R.E., Poellinger, L., Safe, S., Schrenk, D., Tillitt, D., Tysklind, M., Younes, M., Waern, F. and Zacharewski, T., 1998. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife. Environmental Health and Perspectives 106: 775-792.
Voorspoels, S., Covaci, A., Maervoet, J., De Meester, I. and Schepens, P., 2004. Levels and profiles of PCBs and OCPs in marine benthic species from the Belgian North Sea and the Western Scheldt Estuary. Marine Pollution Bulletin 49: 393-404.
Weijs, L., Das, K., Neels, H., Blust, R. and Covaci, A., 2010. Occurrence of anthropogenic and naturally-produced organohalogenated compounds in tissues of Black Sea harbour porpoises. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60: 725-731.
Zhulidov, A.V., Robarts, R.D., Headley, J.V., Korotova, L.G., Zhulidov, D.A., Chernousov, S.Y., Khlobystov, V.V., Pavlov, D.F., Lysenko, V.S. and Korneev, V.V., 2003. A review of riverine fluxes of hexachlorocyclohexane and DDT to the Azov and Black Seas from the former USSR and Russian Federation. JournalofEnvironmental ScienceandHealth Part A 38: 753-769.
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Sep 16, 2013
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