Principles, methodologies and technologies of fresh fruit quality assurance
Main Article Content
Keywords
acidity, firmness, fruit, quality assurance,, soluble solids content
Abstract
Trending the principles of quality assurance through years is necessary to ensure that the consumers' rights in assessing quality products can always be sustained. This paper is designed to contribute by collecting the principles that have been defined for fruits quality perceptively and scientifically and methodologies and technologies that have been used to determine and quantify the defined principles. Objectively, consumers are purchasing fruit produce based on the quality attributes that have been guaranteed to them. However, the standard set by authorities commonly is based on external attributes of the fruits and not their intrinsic properties. To produce fresh fruits that are widely accepted by consumers, for over 10 years, fruits’ growers with the intensive research from various agricultural research department and universities have put forward methods for measuring fruit intrinsic qualities, especially soluble solids content, acidity and firmness, parameters which define flavour and sensory satisfaction.
References
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Hanna Instruments, 2009. HI84432 titratable acids mini titrator and pH meter manual. Available at: http://www.hannainst.com/usa/prods2.cfm?id=007001&ProdCode=HI+84432.
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International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 2005. ISO9000:2005. Quality management systems - Fundamentals and vocabulary. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Joffe, M. and Robertson, A., 2001. The potential contribution of increased vegetable and fruit consumption to health gain in the European Union. Public Health Nutrition 4: 893-901.
Juran, J.M. and Gryna, F.M., 1988. Quality Planning and Analysis. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, India, pp. 126-128.
Kader, A.A., 1999. Fruit maturity, ripening and quality relationship, international symposium effect of pre- & postharvest factors in fruit storage. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 485: 203-208.
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Lin, H. and Ying, Y., 2009. Theory and application of near infrared spectroscopy in assessment of fruit quality: a review. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety 3: 130-141.
Lu, R., 2007. Nondestructive measurement of firmness and soluble solids content for apple fruit using hyper spectral scattering images. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety 1: 19-27.
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Atago CO., LTD. Easy guide to refractometers. Available at: http://www.atago.net/english/g_gaiyou.html.
Barreiro, P., Ruiz-Altisent, M., Valero, C. and Garcia-Ramos, J., 2004. Fruit postharvest technology: instrumental measurement or ripeness and quality. In: Dris, R and Jain, S.M. (eds.) Quality handling and evaluation, volume 3. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, pp. 321-340.
Bramlage, W.J., 1983. Measuring fruit firmness with a penetrometer. Post Harvest Pomology Newsletter 1: 5-9.
Buckenhueskes, H.J., 2007. Industrial quality control. Flavours and fragrances: chemistry, bioprocessing and sustainability. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 303-312.
Camps, C. and Christen, D., 2009. Non-destructive assessment of apricot fruit quality by portable visible-near infrared spectroscopy. LWT - Food Science and Technology 42: 1125-1131.
Cao, F., Wu, D. and He, Y., 2010. Soluble solids content and pH prediction and varieties discrimination of grapes based on visible-near infrared spectroscopy. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 71: S15-S18.
Carlini, P., Massantini, R. and Mencarelli, F., 2000. Measurement of soluble solids in cherry and apricot by PLS regression and wavelength selection. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 48: 5236-5242.
Chemistry Lab Techniques (2004). Refractometry. Available at: http://www2.ups.edu/faculty/hanson/labtechniques/refractometry/intro.htm.
Clark, C.J. and Burmeister, D.M., 1999. Magnetic resonance imaging of browning development in ‘Braeburn’ apple during controlled-atmosphere storage under high CO2. HortScience 34: 915-919.
Clark, C.J., Hockings, P.D., Joyce, D.C. and Mazucco, R.A., 1997. Application of magnetic resonance imaging to pre- and post-harvest studies of fruits and vegetables. Postharvest Biology and Technology 11: 1-21.
Clark, C.J., McGlone, V.A., De Silva, H.N., Manning, M.A., Burdon, J. and Mowat, A.D., 2004. Prediction of storage disorders of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) based on visible-NIR spectral characteristics at harvest. Postharvest Biology and Technology 32: 147-158.
Cordain, L., undated. Table of fruits and sugars. Available at: http://thepaleodiet.com/fruits-and-sugars.
Crisosto, C.H., 2008. Establishing a quality control system. Central Valley Postharvest Newsletter 17: 2.
Crosby, P.B., 1979. Quality is free. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, USA.
Dauthy, M.E., 1995. Fruit specific preservation technologies. In: Dauthy, M.E. (ed.) Fruit and vegetable processing. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin, No. 119, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Desrosier, N.W. and Desrosier, J.N., 1977. Technology of food preservation (4th Ed.). AVI Publishing Co., Westport, CT, USA.
Dris, D. and Jain, S.M., 2004. Production practices and quality assessment of food crops. Volume 1: preharvest practice. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, pp. 261-285.
Esau, K., 1972. Fleshy fruit wall. In: Plant anatomy. Wiley Eastern Private Limited, New Delhi, India, pp. 595-603.
Extech Instruments, 2008. ExStik 4-in-1 water quality meter kits. Product datasheet.
Fan, G., Zha, J., Dub, R. and Gao, L., 2009. Determination of soluble solids and firmness of apples by Vis/NIR transmittance. Journal of Food Engineering 93: 416-420.
Famaxchange, 2009. Spesifikasi grad dan piawaian. Available at: http://www.famaxchange.org/web/guest/standard_grade_specification.
Fernandez-Novales, J., Lopez, M.I., Sanchez, M.T., Garcia-Mesa, J.A. and Gonzalez-Caballero, V., 2009. Assessment of quality parameters in grapes during ripening using a miniature fiber-optic near-infrared spectrometer. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 60: 265-277.
Gage, A., 2008. Color analyzer: have a rainbow of applications. Photonics Spectra, pp. 87-87.
Gao, H., Zhu, F. and Cai, J., 2010. A review of non-destructive detection for fruit quality. computer and computing technologies in agriculture III. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology 317: 133-140.
Garner, D., Crisosto, C.H., Wiley, P. and Crisosto, G.M., 2008. Measurement of pH and titratable acidity. Central Valley Postharvest Newsletter 17: 2.
Gast, K.L.B., 1994. Harvest maturity: indicators for fruits and vegetables. Postharvest Management of Commercial Horticultural Crops, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
Ghosh, P.K. and Jayas, D.S., 2009. Use of spectroscopic data for automation in food processing Industry. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety 3: 3-11.
Gomez, A.H., He, Y. and Pereira, A.G., 2006. Non-destructive measurement of acidity, soluble solids and firmness of Satsuma mandarin using Vis/NIR spectroscopy techniques. Journal of Food Engineering 77: 313-319.
Gonzalez-Caballero, V., Sanchez, M.T., Lopez, M.I. and Perez-Marín, D., 2010. First steps towards the development of a non-destructive technique for the quality control of wine grapes during on-vine ripening and on arrival at the winery. Journal of Food Engineering 101: 158-165.
Hanna Instruments, 2009. HI84432 titratable acids mini titrator and pH meter manual. Available at: http://www.hannainst.com/usa/prods2.cfm?id=007001&ProdCode=HI+84432.
Harrill, R., 1998. Using refractometer to test the quality of fruits and vegetables. Pine Knoll Publications, Redlands, CA, USA.
Hertog, M.L.A.T.M., Ben-Arie, R., Roth, E. and Nicolaï, B.M., 2004. Humidity and temperature effects on invasive and non-invasive firmness measures. Postharvest Biology and Technology 33: 79-91.
Huang, L., Wang, C. and Bomford, M., 2007. Effects of plant source, age, and foliar molasses application on brix readings of kale extracts. American Society for Horticultural Science Annual Conference, 16-20 July, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
Hui-shan, L., Hui-rong, X., Yi-bin, Y., Xia-ping, F., Hai-yan, Y. and Hai-qing, T., 2006. Application Fourier transform near infrared spectrometer in rapid estimation of soluble solids content of intact citrus fruits. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B 7: 794-799.
Huyskens-Keil, S. and Schreiner, M., 2004. Quality dynamics and quality assurance of fresh fruits and vegetables in pre and postharvest. In: Dris, R and Jain, S.M. (eds.) Production practices and quality assessment of food crops. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, pp. 401-449.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 2005. ISO9000:2005. Quality management systems - Fundamentals and vocabulary. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Jha, S.N., Kingsly, A.R.P. and Chopra, S., 2006. Non-destructive determination of firmness and yellowness of mango during growth and storage using visual spectroscopy. Biosystems Engineering 94: 397-402.
Joffe, M. and Robertson, A., 2001. The potential contribution of increased vegetable and fruit consumption to health gain in the European Union. Public Health Nutrition 4: 893-901.
Juran, J.M. and Gryna, F.M., 1988. Quality Planning and Analysis. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, India, pp. 126-128.
Kader, A.A., 1999. Fruit maturity, ripening and quality relationship, international symposium effect of pre- & postharvest factors in fruit storage. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 485: 203-208.
Lamp, L., 1997. Fruit maturity and ripening. Available at: http://cetulare.ucdavis.edu/news/ripefrut.htm #top.
Li, X. and He, Y., 2006. Non-destructive measurement of acidity of Chinese bayberry using Vis/NIRS techniques. European Food and Research Technology 223: 731-736.
Lin, H. and Ying, Y., 2009. Theory and application of near infrared spectroscopy in assessment of fruit quality: a review. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety 3: 130-141.
Lu, R., 2007. Nondestructive measurement of firmness and soluble solids content for apple fruit using hyper spectral scattering images. Sensing and Instrumentation for Food Quality and Safety 1: 19-27.
Lucier, G., Pollack, S., Ali, M. and Perez, A., 2006. Fruit and vegetable backgrounder. Electronic outlook report from the Economic Research Service VGS-313-01.
Mahayothee, B., Leitenberger, M., Neidhart, S., Mühlbauer, W. and Carle, R., 2002. Non-destructive determination of fruit maturity of Thai mango cultivars by near infrared spectroscopy. International Symposium Sustaining Food Security and Managing Natural Resources in Southeast Asia, Challenges for the 21st Century, 8-11 January 2002, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Available at: https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/fileadmin/einrichtungen/sfb564/events/uplands2002/Full-Pap-S3B-3_Mahayothee.pdf.
Melling, P.J. and Thomson, M., 2002. Fiber-optic probes for mid-infrared spectrometry. Handbook of vibrational spectroscopy. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK, pp. 1-9.
Miller, W.M. and Zude, M., 2002. Non-destructive brix sensing of Florida grapefruit and honey tangerine. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 115: 56-60.
Mizrach, A., 2008. Ultrasonic technology for quality evaluation of fresh fruit and vegetables in pre- and postharvest processes. Postharvest Biology and Technology 48: 315-330.
Mohr and Associates, Inc. Apple quality testing in five market centers using the MDT-1 agricultural penetrometer. Available at: http://www.mohr-engineering.com/documents/apstdy823nsbtedt4b-2.pdf.
Nicolai, B.M., Beullens, K., Bobelyn, E., Peirs, A., Saeys, W., Theron, K.I. and Lammertyn, J., 2007. Nondestructive measurement of fruit and vegetable quality by means of NIR spectroscopy: a review. Postharvest Biology and Technology 46: 99-118.
Noh, S.H. and Choi, K.H., 2006. Non-destructive quality evaluation technology for fruits and vegetables. International Seminar on Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Asian Fruits, 18-19 May 2006, Bangkok, Thailand.
Ozanich, R., 2001. Near-Infrared spectroscopy progress report. Washington Tree Fruit Postharvest Conference, 13-14 March 2001, Wenatchee, WA, USA.
Reid, L.M., O’Donnell, C.P. and Downey, G., 2006. Recent technological advances for the determination of food authenticity. Trend in Food Science and Technology 17: 344-353.
Sadar, M.J., 1998. Turbidity science. Technical Information Series, Booklet 11. Hach Company, Loveland, CO, USA.
Schmilovitch, Z., Mizrach, A., Hoffman, A., Egozi, H., Fuchs, Y., 2000. Determination of mango physiological indices by near-infrared spectrometry. Postharvest Biology and Technology 19: 245-252.
Servakaranpalayam, S.S., 2006. Potential applications of hyperspectral imaging for the determination of total soluble solids, water content and firmness in mango. Master of Science thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Shewfelt, R., 1999. What is quality? Postharvest Biology and Technology 15: 197-200.
Shewfelt, R., 2000. Fruit and vegetable quality: an integrated view. Technomic Publishing INC, Lancaster Pennsylvania, USA, pp. 144-157.
Slaughter, D.C. and Crisosto, C.H., 1998. Nondestructive internal quality assessment of kiwifruit using near-infrared spectroscopy. Seminars in Food Analysis 3: 131-140.
Slaughter, D.C., Thompson, J.F. and Tan, E.S., 2003. Nondestructive determination of total and soluble solids in fresh prune using near infrared spectroscopy. Postharvest Biology and Technology 28: 437-444.
Sorensen, M., Raaschou-Nielsen, O., Brasch-Andersen, C., Tjonneland, A., Overvad, K. and Autrup, H., 2007. Interactions between GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms and smoking and intake of fruit and vegetables in relation to lung cancer. Lung Cancer 55: 137-144.
Temma, T., Hanamatsu, K., Shinoki, F., 2002. Measuring the sugar content of apples and apple juice by near infrared spectroscopy. Optical Review 9: 40-44.
The Fruits Pages, undated. Fruit nutrition facts. Available at: http://www.thefruitpages.com/contents.shtml.
United Nations, 2007. Safety and quality of fresh fruit and vegetables: a training manual for trainers. Available at: http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/ditccom200616_en.pdf.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2007. Approximate pH of foods and food products. Available at: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/lacf-phs.html.
Valero, C., Ruiz-Altisent, M., 2000. Design guidelines for a quality assessment system of fresh fruits in fruit centers and hypermarkets. Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Journal of Scientific Research and Development 2: 1-20.
Ventura, M., De Jager, A., De Putter, H. and Roelofs, F.P.M.M., 1998. Non-destructive determination of soluble solids in apple fruit by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Postharvest Biology and Technology 14: 21-27.
Wagner Instruments, 2008. Fruits test. Available at: http://www.fruittest.com/ft_fruit_test.php.
Walsh, K.B., 2006. Setting and meeting objective standards for eating quality in fresh fruit. Proceedings of IVth International Conference on Managing Quality in Chains (MQUIC). ISHS Acta Horticulturae 712: 191-200.
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Sep 16, 2013
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