Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars: physical characteristics, micronutrients and heavy metal content
Main Article Content
Keywords
kernel characteristics, nutrients, colour characteristics, milling yields
Abstract
Six (C-306, PBW-373, WH-147, WH-1025, PBW-343 and PBW-502) Indian wheat cultivars were evaluated for their physical, milling and colour characteristics. The micronutrients and heavy metals were detected using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The physical parameters of grains revealed that WH-1025 had the smallest whereas WH-147 had the biggest grain size. Cultivar’s C-306 and WH-147 showed significantly (P?0.05) higher (58.828 and 58.805%, respectively) grain sphericity, so grains from these cultivars were more spherical in shape compared to other cultivars under study. The grains of studied cultivars were mealy and intermediate vitreous as reflected from their bulk and true density values. Cultivar WH-147 was the heaviest (4.313 g/100 grains) and also showed more volume (3.9 ml/100 grains) as compared to others, which reflected its importance for higher flour yield. Grains from cultivar WH-147 also showed the highest hunter L* and b* values, whereas grains from C-306 had the lowest hunter L*, a* and b* values as compared to other cultivars. Heavy metals and micronutrients concentration was higher in bran fraction of grain. The lowest chromium was detected in whole grain and bran (5.78 and 12.74 mg/kg, respectively) of C-306 cultivar. Zinc which is a very important micronutrient was found in the highest amount in whole grain as well as in bran fraction (43.62 and 83.88 mg/kg, respectively) of PBW-373 cultivar. WH-147 showed the highest manganese concentration for whole grain as well as bran fraction (35.79 and 93.30 mg/kg, respectively). The flour and bran yields ranged from 58.66-67.97 and 29.86-39.00%, respectively, with cultivar WH-147 having the highest flour and the lowest bran yield.
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