Comparison of the antimicrobial activities of roselle calyx extracts and chemical sanitizers directly onto contaminated cucumbers
Main Article Content
Keywords
disinfection, roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa, antibacterial, cucumber, Cucumis sativus
Abstract
Cucumbers are associated with foodborne disease caused by Salmonella. Fruits and vegetables in restaurants and homes in Mexico are disinfected using sodium hypochlorite and colloidal silver solution. However, a number of studies show that chemical agents used to eliminate pathogenic bacteria have a limited antimicrobial effect. Previous studies show that roselle calyx extracts have antimicrobial effects. Therefore, the present study examined the attachment of 14 foodborne bacteria to whole cucumber in the presence of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extracts, sodium hypochlorite, acetic acid, and colloidal silver. Cucumbers were inoculated with 14 bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Montevideo, Salmonella Choleraesuis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, non-O157:H7-Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli, enteroaggregative E. coli, and Vibrio cholerae O1. The antibacterial effect of four roselle calyx extracts (in water, methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate) and some chemical sanitisers including sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver, and acetic acid were then examined. All foodborne bacteria successfully attached to cucumber. The acetonic and methanolic roselle extracts caused a greater reduction (up to 4 log cfu in some cases) in the concentration of all foodborne bacteria than sodium hypochlorite, colloidal silver, and acetic acid. Thus, roselle calyx extracts may be a potentially useful disinfectant for cucumbers in the field, in processing plants, and in restaurants and homes.
References
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Castro-Rosas, J. and Escartin, E.F., 2002. Adhesion and colonization of Vibrio cholerae O1 on shrimp and crab carapace. Journal of Food Protection 65: 492-498.
Castro-Rosas, J., Cerna-Cortes, J.F., Méndez-Reyes, E., Lopez-Hernandez, D., Gómez-Aldapa, C.A. and Estrada-García, T., 2012. Presence of faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes in ready-to-eat salads, from an area where crops are irrigated with untreated sewage water. International Journal of Food Microbiology 156: 176-180.
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Chao, C.Y. and Yin, M.C., 2008. Antibacterial effects of roselle calyx extracts and protocatechuic acid in ground beef and apple juice. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 6: 201-206.
Choi, S.Y., Rashed, S.M., Hasan, N.A., Alam, M., Islam, T., Sadique, A., Johura, F.T., Eppinger, M., Ravel, J., Huq, A., Cravioto, A. and Colwel, R.R., 2016. Phylogenetic diversity of Vibrio cholerae associated with endemic cholera in Mexico from 1991 to 2008. mBio 7: e02160-15.
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Flisser, A., Velasco-Villa, A., Martínez-Campos, C., González-Domínguez, F., Briseño-García, B., García-Suárez, R., Caballero-Servín, A., Hernández-Monroy, I., García-Lozano, H., Gutiérrez-Cogco, L., Rodríguez-Angeles, G., López-Martínez, I., Galindo-Virgen, S., Vázquez-Campuzano, R., Balandrano-Campos, S., Guzmán-Bracho, C., Olivo-Díaz, A., De la Rosa, J., Magos, C., Escobar-Gutiérrez, A. and Correa, D., 2002. Infectious diseases in Mexico. A survey from 1995-2000. Archives of Medical Research 33: 343-350.
García-Gómez, R., Chávez-Espinosa, J., Mejía-Chávez, A. and Duran-de-Bazua, C., 2002. Microbiological determinations of some vegetables from the Xochimilco zone in Mexico City, Mexico. Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología 44: 24-30.
Gil, M.I., Selma, M.V., López-Gálvez, F. and Allende, A., 2009. Fresh-cut product sanitation and wash water disinfection: problems and solutions. International Journal of Food Microbiology 134: 37-45.
Gómez-Aldapa, C.A., Cerna-Cortes, J.F., Rangel-Vargas, E., Torres-Vitela, M.R., Villarruel-López, A., Gutiérrez-Alcántara, E.J. and Castro-Rosas, J., 2016a. Presence of multidrug-resistant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic E. coli and enterotoxigenic E. coli, on raw nopalitos (Opuntia ficus-indicaL.) and in Nopalitos salads from local retail markets in Mexico. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease13: 269-274.
Gómez-Aldapa, C.A., Segovia-Cruz, J.A., Cerna-Cortes, J.F., Rangel-Vargas, E., Salas-Rangel, L.P., Gutiérrez-Alcántara, E.J. and Castro-Rosas, J., 2016b. Prevalence and behavior of multidrug-resistant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic E. coli and enterotoxigenic E. coli on coriander. Food Microbiology 59: 97-103.
Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S. and Eaton, A.D., 1992. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (18th Ed.). American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA.
Gutiérrez-Alcántara, E.J., Gómez-Aldapa, C.A., Román-Gutiérrez, A.D., Rangel-Vargas, E., González-Olivares, L.G. and Castro-Rosas, J., 2016a. Antimicrobial activity of roselle Hibiscus Sabdariffa calyx extracts on culture media and carrots against multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains isolated from raw carrots. Journal of Food Safety 36: 450-458.
Gutiérrez-Alcántara, E.J., Rangel-Vargas, E., Gómez-Aldapa, C.A., Falfan-Cortes, R.N., Rodríguez-Marín, M.L., Godínez-Oviedo, A., Cortes-López, H. and Castro-Rosas, J., 2016b. Antibacterial effect of roselle extracts (Hibiscus sabadariffa), sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid against multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains isolated from tomatoes. Letters in Applied Microbiology62: 177-184.
91Higginbotham, K.L., Burris, K.P., Zivanovic, S., Davidson, P.M. and Stewart Jr., C.N., 2014a. Antimicrobial activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extracts against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus in a microbiological medium and milk of various fat concentrations. Journal of Food Protection 77: 262-268.
Higginbotham, K.L., Burris, K.P., Zivanovic, S., Davidson, P.M. and Stewart, C.N., 2014b. Aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces as an antimicrobial rinse on hot dogs against Listeria monocytogenesand methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Food Control 40: 274-277.
Jaroni, D. and Ravishankar, S., 2012. Bactericidal effects of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) against foodborne pathogens in vitro and on romaine lettuce and alfalfa sprouts. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods4: 33-40.
Jeffree, C.E., 2008. The fine structure of the plant cuticle. In: Riederer, M. and Müller, C. (eds.) Annual plant reviews. Vol. 23. Biology of the plant cuticle. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK.
Jung, J., 2015. Quantification of Salmonella transfer from cucumber skin to flesh and peeler during peeling. In: International Association for Food Protection (ed.) Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of IAFP, July 31-August 3, 2015, St. Louis, MO, USA, pp. 89.
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Jan 30, 2018
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