Determination of metal, non-metal and heavy metal contents of some tropical fruits growing in Indonesia
Main Article Content
Keywords
tropical fruits, minerals, heavy metal, ash, ICP-AES
Abstract
The importance of the current study was to determine the mineral and heavy metal contents of several tropical fruits provided from Indonesia. Mineral contents of some tropical fruits were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. As macro element, Ca contents of fruits were found between 167 mg/kg (Pir) and 1,051 mg/kg (Jambu). In addition, K contents of fruits ranged from 5,803 mg/kg (Manggis) to 17,659 mg/kg (Dragori). P contents ranged from 491 mg/kg (Sukun) to 3158 mg/kg (Dragori) (P<0.05). As micro element, Fe content varied between 24.7 mg/kg (Pir) and 54.1 mg/kg (Dragori). In addition, while Mn contents of fruits change between 2.3 mg/kg (Sukun) and 33.2 mg/kg (Starfruit), Zn content varied from 2.9 mg/kg (Sukun) to 37.5 mg/kg (Dragori) (P<0.05). As heavy metal, Cd, Cr, Mo and Ni contents of fruits were found at low levels.
References
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Voon, B.H. and Kueh, H.S., 1999. The nutritional value of indigenous fruits and vegetables in Sarawak. Asia Pacific Journal Clinic Nutrition8: 24-31.
Yuka, I., Yumiko, K., Miyo, N. and Takashi, K., 2003. Antioxidative activity of tropical fruit, Feijoa sellowiana berg. Nippon Kasei Gakkaishi 54: 945-949.
Ahmed, T.W., Abdel Hadi, E., Samahy, S.E. and Youssof, K., 2000. The influence of baking fuel on residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals in bread. Journal of Hazardous Materials 80: 1-8.
Alegeria, A., Barbera, R. and Farre, R., 1990. Influence of environmental contamination on Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn content of edible vegetables: safety and nutrition aspects. Journal of Micronutrient Analysis 8: 91.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), 2000. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International (17th Ed.). AOAC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
Corral-Aguayo, R.D., Yahia, E.N., Carrillo-Lopez, A. and Gonzalez-Aguilar, G., 2008. Correlation between some nutritional components and the total antioxidant capacity measured with six different assays in eight horticultural crops. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry56: 10498-10504.
Edem, C.A. and Dosunmu, M.I., 2011. Chemical evaluation of proximate composition, ascorbic acid and anti-nutrients content of African star apple (Chrysophyllum africanum) fruit. International Journal of Research & Reviews in Applied Sciences 9: 146-149.
Ellen, G., Van Loon, J.W. and Tolsma, K., 1990. Heavy metals in vegetables grown in the Netherlands and in domestic and imported fruits. Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 190: 34-39.
Harmanescu, M., Vargias, L., Atena Poiana, M. and Gergen, I., 2005. Antioxidant capacity and composition of different beverages, fruit nectars and synthetic fruit juices. Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies XI: 193-198.
Haruenkit, R., Poovarodom, S., Leontowicz, H., Leontowicz, M., Sajewicz, M., Kowalska, T., Delgado-Licon, E., Rocha-Guzmán, N.E., Gallegos-Infante, J.A., Trakhtenberg, S. and Gorinstein, S., 2007. Comparative study of health properties and nutritional value of durian, mangosteen, and snake fruit: experiments in vitro andin vivo. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 55: 5842-5849.
Hunt, C.D., Shuller, T.R. and Mullen, M.L., 1991. Concentration of boron and other elements in human foods and personal-care products. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 91: 558-568.
Ikram, E.H.K., Eng, K.H., Mohd-Jalil, A.M., Ismail, A., Idris, S., Azlan, A., Mohd-Nazri, H.S., Mat-Diton, N.A. and Mohd-Mokhtar, R.A., 2009. Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of Malaysian underutilized fruits. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 22: 388-399.
Khoo, H.E., Prasad, K.N., Kong, K.W., Chew, L.Y., Azlan, A., Sun, J., Ismail, A. and Idris, S., 2010. A review on underutilized tropical fruits in Malaysia. Guangxi Agricultural Sciences 41: 698-702.
Kondo, S., Kittikorn, M. and Kanlayanarat, S., 2005. Preharvest antioxidant activities of tropical fruit and the effect of low-temperature storage on antioxidants and jasmonates. Postharvest Biology and Technology 36: 309-318.
Luximon-Ramma, A., Bahorun, T. and Crozier, A., 2003. Antioxidant actions and phenolic and vitamin C contents of common Mauritian exotic fruits. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture 83: 496-502.
Moffat, C.F. and Whittle, K.J., 1999. Environmental contaminants in foods. Academic Press, London, Uk.
Othman, O.C., 2011. Physicochemical characteristics and levels of inorganic elements in off–vine ripened pineapple (Ananas comosusL.) fruits of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. KIST Journal of Science and Technology 1: 23-30.
Payal, G., Pankti, K., Manodeep, C. and Kamath, J.V., 2012. Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Averrhoa carambolaLinn: an overview. International Research Journal of Pharmacy 3: 88-92.
Poovarodom, S., Haruenkit, R, Vearasilp, S., Namiesnik, J., Cvikrova, M., Martincova, O., Ezra, A., Suhaj, M., Ruamsuke, P. and Gorinstein, S., 2010. Comparative characterisation of durian, mango and avocado. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 45: 921-929.
Püskülcü, H. and Iki, F., 1989. Introduction to statistics. Bilgehan Presss, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey, pp. 333.
Romero-Rodriguez, M.A., Vazquez-Oderiz, M.L., Lopez-Hernandez, J. and Simal-Lozano, J., 1994. Composition of babaco, feijoa, passionfruit and tamarillo produced in Galicia (North-west Spain). Food Chemistry 49: 23-27.
Sairi, M.B., Law, J.Y. and Sarmidi, M.R., 2004. Chemical composition and sensory analysis of fresh pineapple and deacidified pineapple juice using electrodialysis. In: Proceedings of the Regional Symposium on Membrane Science and Technology, 21-25 April 2004, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
Skujins, S., 1998. Handbook for ICP-AES (Varian-Vista). A short guide to vista series ICP-AES operation, version 1.0. Varian Medical Systems International AG, Zug, Switzerland, 29 pp.
Stihi, C., Radulescu, C., Busuioc, G., Popescu, I.V., Gheboianu, A. and Ene, A., 2011. Studies on accumulation of heavy metals from substrate to edible wild mushrooms. Romanian Journal of Physics 56: 257-264.
Subhadrabandhu, S., 2001. Under-utilized tropical fruits of Thailand. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand. Available at: ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/004/ab777e/ab777e00.pdf.
Voon, B.H. and Kueh, H.S., 1999. The nutritional value of indigenous fruits and vegetables in Sarawak. Asia Pacific Journal Clinic Nutrition8: 24-31.
Yuka, I., Yumiko, K., Miyo, N. and Takashi, K., 2003. Antioxidative activity of tropical fruit, Feijoa sellowiana berg. Nippon Kasei Gakkaishi 54: 945-949.
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Dec 8, 2014
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